/* ===== CSS Variables ===== */
:root {
    /* Colors - Light theme with vibrant accents */
    --bg-primary: #f8f9fa;
    --bg-secondary: #ffffff;
    --bg-tertiary: #e9ecef;
    --bg-card: #ffffff;

    --text-primary: #1a1a25;
    --text-secondary: #4a4a5a;
    --text-muted: #6a6a7a;

    --accent-primary: #00D4AA;
    --accent-secondary: #7B68EE;
    --accent-tertiary: #FF6B9D;
    --accent-gradient: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-primary), var(--accent-secondary));

    --border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    --border-highlight: rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.4);

    /* Typography */
    --font-display: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif;
    --font-body: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif;

    /* Spacing */
    --section-padding: 70px;
    --container-width: 1280px;
    --container-padding-x: 16px;

    /* Transitions */
    --transition-fast: 0.2s ease;
    --transition-medium: 0.4s ease;
    --transition-slow: 0.6s ease;
}

/* ===== Reset & Base ===== */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    background: var(--bg-primary);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    line-height: 1.6;
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

/* ===== Utility Classes ===== */
.container {
    max-width: var(--container-width);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--container-padding-x);
}

.section {
    padding: var(--section-padding) 0;
    position: relative;
    scroll-margin-top: 80px;
}

.highlight {
    background: var(--accent-gradient);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
}

/* ===== Navigation ===== */
.navbar {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    z-index: 1000;
    padding: 20px 0;
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    background: transparent;
}

.navbar.scrolled {
    background: rgba(248, 249, 250, 0.95);
    backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    padding: 15px 0;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.navbar.scrolled .logo-text,
.navbar.scrolled .logo-sep,
.navbar.scrolled .nav-link {
    color: var(--text-primary);
}

.navbar.scrolled .logo-icon {
    filter: invert(1);
}

.navbar.scrolled .nav-toggle span {
    background: var(--text-primary);
}

.navbar.scrolled .nav-link:hover {
    color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.nav-container {
    max-width: var(--container-width);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--container-padding-x);
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.nav-logo {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.6rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
}

.logo-icon {
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    object-fit: contain;
    transition: filter var(--transition-medium);
}

.logo-text {
    color: white;
    transition: color var(--transition-medium);
}

.logo-name {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.logo-sep {
    color: white;
    margin: 0;
    transition: color var(--transition-medium);
}

.logo-accent {
    background: var(--accent-gradient);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
}

.nav-menu {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
    gap: 40px;
}

.nav-link {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: white;
    transition: color var(--transition-medium);
    position: relative;
    padding: 5px 0;
}

.nav-link::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--accent-gradient);
    transition: width var(--transition-medium);
}

.nav-link:hover {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
}

.nav-link:hover::after {
    width: 100%;
}

/* ===== Nav Dropdown ===== */
.nav-dropdown {
    position: relative;
}

.nav-dropdown > .nav-link::after {
    content: none;
}

.dropdown-menu {
    position: absolute;
    top: calc(100% + 4px);
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-6px);
    background: rgba(248, 249, 250, 0.98);
    backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
    list-style: none;
    min-width: 160px;
    padding: 8px 0;
    z-index: 1100;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    pointer-events: none;
    transition: opacity 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease, visibility 0.2s;
}

/* Invisible hover bridge: covers the 4px gap between main tab and dropdown
   so the mouse doesn't lose hover state while transiting. */
.dropdown-menu::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -12px;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 12px;
}

.nav-dropdown:hover .dropdown-menu {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    pointer-events: auto;
    transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(0);
}

.dropdown-menu li a {
    display: block;
    padding: 9px 18px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    white-space: nowrap;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.dropdown-menu li a:hover {
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    background: rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.06);
}

.lang-toggle {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 2px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.25);
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 3px 6px;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    margin-left: 12px;
}

.navbar.scrolled .lang-toggle {
    background: rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
    border-color: var(--border-color);
}

.lang-option {
    padding: 2px 6px;
    border-radius: 14px;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55);
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.navbar.scrolled .lang-option {
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.lang-option.active {
    background: white;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.navbar.scrolled .lang-option.active {
    background: var(--accent-primary);
    color: #fff;
}

.lang-divider {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
    font-size: 0.65rem;
}

.navbar.scrolled .lang-divider {
    color: var(--border-color);
}

.nav-toggle {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 5px;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 5px;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1200;
}

.nav-toggle span {
    width: 25px;
    height: 2px;
    background: white;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, opacity 0.2s ease, background var(--transition-fast);
    transform-origin: center;
}

/* Hamburger -> X when panel is open */
.nav-toggle.active span:nth-child(1) {
    transform: translateY(7px) rotate(45deg);
}

.nav-toggle.active span:nth-child(2) {
    opacity: 0;
}

.nav-toggle.active span:nth-child(3) {
    transform: translateY(-7px) rotate(-45deg);
}

/* ===== Hero Section ===== */
.hero {
    min-height: 100vh;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-bg {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    z-index: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-illustration {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    width: 50%;
    height: 100%;
    opacity: 0.4;
    z-index: 0;
}

.hero-svg {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    max-width: 600px;
    animation: float 25s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.grid-pattern {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background-image:
        linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 1px, transparent 1px),
        linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 1px, transparent 1px);
    background-size: 60px 60px;
    mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse at center, black 30%, transparent 70%);
}

.gradient-orb {
    position: absolute;
    border-radius: 50%;
    filter: blur(80px);
    opacity: 0.15;
    animation: float 20s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.orb-1 {
    width: 500px;
    height: 500px;
    background: var(--accent-primary);
    top: -150px;
    right: -100px;
    animation-delay: 0s;
}

.orb-2 {
    width: 400px;
    height: 400px;
    background: var(--accent-secondary);
    bottom: -100px;
    left: -100px;
    animation-delay: -7s;
}

.orb-3 {
    width: 300px;
    height: 300px;
    background: var(--accent-tertiary);
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    animation-delay: -14s;
}

@keyframes float {

    0%,
    100% {
        transform: translate(0, 0) scale(1);
    }

    25% {
        transform: translate(30px, -30px) scale(1.1);
    }

    50% {
        transform: translate(-20px, 20px) scale(0.95);
    }

    75% {
        transform: translate(20px, 30px) scale(1.05);
    }
}

.hero-content {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    max-width: var(--container-width);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--container-padding-x);
    padding-top: 50px;
}

.hero-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 8px 20px;
    background: rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.1);
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.3);
    border-radius: 50px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease forwards;
    animation-delay: 0.2s;
    opacity: 0;
}

.hero-title {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(3rem, 8vw, 6rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.1;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.title-line {
    display: block;
    opacity: 0;
    animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease forwards;
}

.title-line:nth-child(1) {
    animation-delay: 0.3s;
}

.title-line:nth-child(2) {
    animation-delay: 0.4s;
}

.title-line:nth-child(3) {
    animation-delay: 0.5s;
}

.title-line.accent {
    background: var(--accent-gradient);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
}

.hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    max-width: 600px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
    opacity: 0;
    animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease forwards;
    animation-delay: 0.6s;
}

.hero-cta {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 15px;
    margin-bottom: 35px;
    opacity: 0;
    animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease forwards;
    animation-delay: 0.7s;
}

.btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 16px 32px;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: 8px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    border: none;
}

.btn-primary {
    background: var(--accent-gradient);
    color: var(--bg-primary);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.3);
}

.btn-secondary {
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.btn-secondary:hover {
    border-color: var(--accent-primary);
    color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.hero-stats {
    display: flex;
    gap: 60px;
    opacity: 0;
    animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease forwards;
    animation-delay: 0.8s;
}

.stat {
    text-align: left;
}

.stat-number {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 3rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    background: var(--accent-gradient);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
    display: block;
}

.stat-label {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.scroll-indicator {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 40px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    opacity: 0;
    animation: fadeIn 1s ease forwards;
    animation-delay: 1.2s;
}

.scroll-indicator span {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
}

.scroll-line {
    width: 1px;
    height: 60px;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--accent-primary), transparent);
    animation: scrollPulse 2s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes scrollPulse {

    0%,
    100% {
        opacity: 0.3;
        transform: scaleY(0.8);
    }

    50% {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: scaleY(1);
    }
}

@keyframes fadeInUp {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(30px);
    }

    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

@keyframes fadeIn {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
    }

    to {
        opacity: 1;
    }
}

/* ===== Section Header ===== */
.section-header {
    margin-bottom: 60px;
}

.section-header.center {
    text-align: center;
}

.section-tag {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.section-title {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

/* ===== About Section ===== */
.about {
    background: var(--bg-secondary);
    position: relative;
}

.home-button {
    position: fixed;
    left: 30px;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 50%;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    z-index: 100;
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.home-button:hover {
    opacity: 1;
    background: var(--accent-primary);
    color: var(--bg-primary);
    border-color: var(--accent-primary);
    transform: translateY(-50%) translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.3);
}

.home-button svg {
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
}

.about-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 80px;
    align-items: start;
    overflow: visible;
}

.about-content {
    overflow: visible;
}

.about-lead {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.about-content p {
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.about-features-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 15px;
    margin-top: 40px;
    width: 120%;
    margin-left: -10%;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

.feature-card {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 30px;
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.feature-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--accent-gradient);
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transition: transform var(--transition-medium);
}

.feature-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-8px);
    border-color: var(--border-highlight);
    box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.feature-card:hover::before {
    transform: scaleX(1);
}

.feature-illustration {
    width: 100%;
    height: 160px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.05), rgba(123, 104, 238, 0.05));
    border-radius: 16px;
    padding: 20px;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.feature-illustration::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: radial-gradient(circle at center, transparent 0%, rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.1) 100%);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity var(--transition-medium);
}

.feature-card:hover .feature-illustration::after {
    opacity: 1;
}

.feature-svg {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    max-width: 200px;
    max-height: 160px;
    transition: transform var(--transition-medium);
}

.feature-card:hover .feature-svg {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.feature-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 12px;
    transition: transform var(--transition-medium);
}

.feature-card:hover .feature-image {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

/* Animation for logistics truck */
.feature-card:nth-child(1):hover .feature-svg path[stroke] {
    animation: dashMove 2s linear infinite;
}

@keyframes dashMove {
    to {
        stroke-dashoffset: -20;
    }
}

/* Animation for supply chain nodes */
.feature-card:nth-child(2):hover .feature-svg circle {
    animation: pulseNode 2s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes pulseNode {

    0%,
    100% {
        transform: scale(1);
        opacity: 1;
    }

    50% {
        transform: scale(1.1);
        opacity: 0.8;
    }
}

/* Animation for manufacturing process */
.feature-card:nth-child(3):hover .feature-svg rect {
    animation: processFlow 3s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes processFlow {

    0%,
    100% {
        opacity: 0.8;
    }

    50% {
        opacity: 1;
    }
}

.feature-content {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.feature-content h4 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    color: var(--text-primary);
}

.feature-content>p {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.feature-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
}

.feature-list li {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 20px;
}

.feature-list li::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--accent-primary);
    opacity: 0.6;
}

.feature-card:nth-child(1) .feature-list li::before {
    background: var(--accent-primary);
}

.feature-card:nth-child(2) .feature-list li::before {
    background: var(--accent-secondary);
}

.feature-card:nth-child(3) .feature-list li::before {
    background: var(--accent-tertiary);
}

.about-visual {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
}

.visual-card {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 400px;
    aspect-ratio: 1;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border-radius: 24px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.card-glow {
    position: absolute;
    top: -50%;
    left: -50%;
    width: 200%;
    height: 200%;
    background: conic-gradient(from 0deg, transparent, var(--accent-primary), transparent, var(--accent-secondary), transparent);
    animation: rotate 10s linear infinite;
    opacity: 0.1;
}

@keyframes rotate {
    from {
        transform: rotate(0deg);
    }

    to {
        transform: rotate(360deg);
    }
}

.visual-content {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 1px;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border-radius: 23px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.network-animation {
    width: 70%;
}

.network-svg {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

.network-line {
    stroke: var(--accent-primary);
    stroke-width: 1;
    opacity: 0.3;
    stroke-dasharray: 100;
    animation: dash 3s linear infinite;
}

@keyframes dash {
    to {
        stroke-dashoffset: -200;
    }
}

.network-node {
    fill: url(#nodeGradient);
    animation: pulse 2s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.node-1 {
    animation-delay: 0s;
}

.node-2 {
    animation-delay: 0.5s;
}

.node-3 {
    animation-delay: 1s;
}

.node-4 {
    animation-delay: 1.5s;
}

@keyframes pulse {

    0%,
    100% {
        transform: scale(1);
        opacity: 1;
    }

    50% {
        transform: scale(1.2);
        opacity: 0.8;
    }
}

.visual-label {
    margin-top: 30px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
}

/* ===== Research Section ===== */
.research-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 30px;
}

.research-card {
    position: relative;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 40px 30px;
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.research-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--accent-gradient);
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transition: transform var(--transition-medium);
}

.research-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    border-color: var(--border-highlight);
    box-shadow: 0 25px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.research-card:hover::before {
    transform: scaleX(1);
}

.research-card.featured {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.1), rgba(123, 104, 238, 0.1));
    border-color: var(--border-highlight);
}

.card-number {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 3rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--bg-tertiary);
    position: absolute;
    top: 20px;
    right: 25px;
}

.card-icon {
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.1);
    border-radius: 16px;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.card-icon svg {
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
}

.research-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.research-card p {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.card-tags {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
}

.card-tags span {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    padding: 5px 12px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
    border-radius: 20px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

/* ===== Publications Section ===== */
.publications {
    background: var(--bg-primary);
}

.publications-wrapper {
    max-width: 100%;
}

.pub-filters {
    display: flex;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.filter-btn {
    padding: 10px 20px;
    background: transparent;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 8px;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.filter-btn:hover,
.filter-btn.active {
    background: var(--accent-primary);
    border-color: var(--accent-primary);
    color: var(--bg-primary);
}

.publications-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 20px;
}

.pub-item {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 80px 1fr auto;
    gap: 30px;
    padding: 30px;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 16px;
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    align-items: center;
}

.pub-item:hover {
    border-color: var(--border-highlight);
    transform: translateX(10px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.pub-cover {
    width: 100px;
    height: 130px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    min-width: 100px;
}

.pub-cover:empty {
    display: none;
}

.journal-cover {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 8px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: transform var(--transition-medium);
    background: var(--bg-secondary);
    display: block;
}

.journal-cover[src=""],
.journal-cover:not([src]) {
    display: none;
}

.pub-item:hover .journal-cover {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

/* Conference covers - maintain consistent aspect ratio */
.pub-cover img[src*="conference"],
.pub-cover-full img[src*="conference"] {
    object-fit: contain;
    background: var(--bg-secondary);
    padding: 10px;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    max-height: 100%;
}

/* Hide publications after the 3rd one on main page */
.publications-list .pub-item:nth-child(n+4) {
    display: none;
}

/* Hide pub-cover if image fails to load */
.pub-cover img:not([src]),
.pub-cover img[src=""],
.pub-cover:has(img:not([src])) {
    display: none;
}

.pub-year {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.pub-content h4 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.pub-content h4 a {
    color: var(--text-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
    display: inline-block;
}

.pub-content h4 a:hover {
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.pub-authors {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.pub-journal {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-style: italic;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.pub-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    background: rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.15);
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.view-all-btn {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-top: 30px;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.view-all-btn:hover {
    color: var(--accent-secondary);
    transform: translateX(5px);
}

/* ===== Team Section ===== */
.team {
    background: var(--bg-primary);
}

.team-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 16px;
}

.team-card {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 18px;
    text-align: center;
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.team-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    border-color: var(--border-highlight);
    box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.team-card.principal {
    grid-column: span 2;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
    gap: 24px;
    text-align: left;
    padding: 24px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.05), rgba(123, 104, 238, 0.05));
}

.member-image {
    position: relative;
}

.image-placeholder {
    width: 90px;
    height: 90px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--accent-gradient);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--bg-primary);
}

.principal .image-placeholder {
    width: 130px;
    height: 130px;
    font-size: 2rem;
}

.member-glow {
    position: absolute;
    inset: -10px;
    background: var(--accent-gradient);
    border-radius: 50%;
    filter: blur(30px);
    opacity: 0.3;
    z-index: -1;
}

.member-info {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
}

.member-role {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.member-info h3 {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.member-title {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.member-affiliation {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.member-education {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.member-education p {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 3px;
}

.member-research {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.member-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 8px;
}

.member-link {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
    border-radius: 10px;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.member-link:hover {
    background: var(--accent-primary);
    color: var(--bg-primary);
}

.member-link svg {
    width: 18px;
    height: 18px;
}

.join-card {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    border-style: dashed;
    background: transparent;
}

.join-content {
    text-align: center;
}

.join-icon {
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
    margin: 0 auto 20px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.1);
    border-radius: 50%;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.join-icon svg {
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
}

.join-content h3 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.join-content p {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.join-btn {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 10px 25px;
    background: transparent;
    border: 1px solid var(--accent-primary);
    border-radius: 8px;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.join-btn:hover {
    background: var(--accent-primary);
    color: var(--bg-primary);
}

/* ===== Projects Section ===== */
.projects {
    background: var(--bg-secondary);
}

/* ===== News Section ===== */
.news {
    background: var(--bg-primary);
}

.news-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.news-item {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 120px 1fr;
    gap: 30px;
    padding: 30px;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 16px;
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.news-item:hover {
    border-color: var(--border-highlight);
    transform: translateX(10px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.news-date {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    text-align: left;
}

.news-content {
    flex: 1;
}

.news-title {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.news-description {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.projects-timeline {
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 40px;
}

.projects-timeline::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 2px;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--accent-primary), var(--accent-secondary), transparent);
}

.timeline-item {
    position: relative;
    padding: 10px 0;
    padding-left: 40px;
}

.timeline-marker {
    position: absolute;
    left: -40px;
    top: 35px;
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    background: var(--accent-primary);
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 3px solid var(--bg-secondary);
    transform: translateX(-7px);
}

.timeline-content {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 16px;
    padding: 14px 18px;
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.timeline-main {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
    gap: 16px;
    align-items: center;
}

.timeline-text {
    flex: 1;
}

.timeline-logo {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    gap: 10px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    min-width: 120px;
}

.timeline-logo:empty,
.timeline-logo:has(img:not([src])),
.timeline-logo:has(img[src=""]) {
    display: none;
}

.org-logo {
    max-width: 100%;
    max-height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
    filter: grayscale(20%);
    transition: filter var(--transition-medium);
    display: block;
}

.timeline-logo .org-logo {
    width: 150px;
    height: 90px;
    padding: 8px;
    background: var(--bg-secondary);
    border-radius: 8px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    object-fit: contain;
    margin: 0;
}

.org-logo[src$=".svg"] {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

.timeline-logo .org-logo[src$=".svg"] {
    width: 150px;
    height: auto;
    max-height: 90px;
}

/* Make jungseok logo even bigger */
.timeline-logo .org-logo[src*="jungseok"] {
    width: 175px;
    height: 105px;
    max-height: 105px;
}

/* Make Navy Crane Center logo even bigger */
.timeline-logo .org-logo[src*="navycranecenter"] {
    width: 175px;
    height: 105px;
    max-height: 105px;
}

.org-logo[src=""],
.org-logo:not([src]) {
    display: none;
}

.timeline-content:hover {
    border-color: var(--border-highlight);
    transform: translateX(10px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.timeline-content:hover .org-logo {
    filter: grayscale(0%);
}

.timeline-period {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.timeline-content h4 {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    margin: 4px 0;
}

.timeline-content p {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.timeline-funder {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-style: italic;
}

/* ===== Team Section (Solo Layout) ===== */
.team-single {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 40px;
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.team-card.principal.solo {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 60px 50px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.08), rgba(123, 104, 238, 0.08));
    border: 1px solid var(--border-highlight);
    border-radius: 24px;
}

.team-card.principal.solo .member-image {
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.profile-photo {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    object-fit: cover;
    border: 4px solid transparent;
    background: linear-gradient(var(--bg-card), var(--bg-card)) padding-box,
        var(--accent-gradient) border-box;
}

.team-card.principal.solo .member-info {
    align-items: center;
}

.team-card.principal.solo .member-education {
    margin-top: 15px;
}

.team-card.principal.solo .member-links {
    margin-top: 25px;
    justify-content: center;
}

.join-banner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 30px;
    padding: 40px 50px;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px dashed var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 20px;
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
}

.join-banner:hover {
    border-color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.join-banner .join-icon {
    width: 70px;
    height: 70px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.1);
    border-radius: 50%;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.join-banner .join-icon svg {
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
}

.join-banner .join-text {
    flex: 1;
}

.join-banner .join-text h3 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.join-banner .join-text p {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin: 0;
}

.join-banner .btn {
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* ===== Team Page Sections ===== */
/* ===== Faculty Profile ===== */
.faculty-profile {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 220px 1fr;
    gap: 48px;
    padding: 36px 0;
    align-items: start;
}

.faculty-left {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    position: sticky;
    top: 90px;
}

.faculty-photo {
    width: 160px;
    height: 160px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    object-fit: cover;
    border: 3px solid transparent;
    background: linear-gradient(var(--bg-card), var(--bg-card)) padding-box,
        var(--accent-gradient) border-box;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.faculty-name {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.faculty-title {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.faculty-dept {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.5;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.faculty-contact-info {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.faculty-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 8px;
    width: 100%;
}

.faculty-link {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 7px;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 6px 10px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
    justify-content: center;
}

.faculty-link:hover {
    border-color: var(--accent-primary);
    color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.faculty-right {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 28px;
}

.faculty-section-title {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.faculty-table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.faculty-table tr td {
    padding: 5px 0;
    vertical-align: top;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.ftd-role, .ftd-degree {
    width: 160px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.ftd-place { color: var(--text-secondary); }

.ftd-date {
    width: 140px;
    text-align: right;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.faculty-tags {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
}

.faculty-tags span {
    font-size: 0.76rem;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    background: rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.08);
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.2);
    border-radius: 20px;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.faculty-pubs {
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 18px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
}

.faculty-pubs li {
    font-size: 0.83rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.faculty-award {
    font-size: 0.83rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    margin: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .faculty-profile {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 28px;
    }
    .faculty-left { position: static; }
    .ftd-date { display: none; }
}

.team-tabs {
    display: flex;
    gap: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

.team-tab {
    background: none;
    border: none;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    cursor: pointer;
    border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
    margin-bottom: -1px;
    transition: color 0.2s, border-color 0.2s;
}

.team-tab:hover { color: var(--text-primary); }

.team-tab.active {
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    border-bottom-color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.team-tab-panel {
    display: none;
}

.team-tab-panel.active {
    display: block;
}

.team-section-label {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    margin: 48px 0 18px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.advisor-grid {
    display: flex;
}

.advisor-grid .team-card.principal {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 28px;
    padding: 24px 28px;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 16px;
    width: 100%;
}

.advisor-grid .team-card.principal .member-image {
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.advisor-grid .team-card.principal .profile-photo {
    width: 90px;
    height: 90px;
}

.advisor-grid .team-card.principal .member-info {
    align-items: flex-start;
    text-align: left;
}

.advisor-grid .team-card.principal .member-education {
    margin-top: 8px;
}

.advisor-grid .team-card.principal .member-links {
    margin-top: 12px;
    justify-content: flex-start;
}

.members-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px, 1fr));
    gap: 20px;
}

.team-card.member-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 30px 20px;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 16px;
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
}

.team-card.member-card:hover {
    border-color: var(--border-highlight);
    transform: translateY(-4px);
}

.member-image.small .profile-photo {
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
}

.profile-placeholder {
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.08);
    border: 2px dashed var(--border-color);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.profile-placeholder svg {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
}

.team-card.member-card .member-image {
    margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.team-card.member-card .member-info h3 {
    font-size: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.team-card.member-card .member-role {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
}

.team-card.member-card .member-affiliation {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-top: 4px;
}

.team-empty {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    padding: 16px 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.alumni-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.alumni-item {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 140px 160px 1fr;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 16px;
    padding: 14px 20px;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 10px;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
}

.alumni-name {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-primary);
}

.alumni-degree {
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.alumni-current {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 0.82rem;
}

/* ===== Contact Section ===== */
.contact {
    background: #ffffff;
}

.contact-wrapper {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 80px;
    align-items: start;
}

.contact-info p {
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: 40px;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.contact-details {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 30px;
}

.contact-item {
    display: flex;
    gap: 20px;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.contact-icon {
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.1);
    border-radius: 12px;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.contact-icon svg {
    width: 22px;
    height: 22px;
}

.contact-item h4 {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.contact-item p {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 0;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.contact-item a {
    color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.contact-item a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.contact-form-wrapper {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 24px;
    padding: 50px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.contact-form {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 30px;
}

.form-group {
    position: relative;
}

.form-group input,
.form-group textarea,
.form-group select {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 18px 20px;
    background: var(--bg-secondary);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 12px;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 1rem;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.form-group input:focus,
.form-group textarea:focus,
.form-group select:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--accent-primary);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.1);
}

.form-group label {
    position: absolute;
    left: 20px;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    pointer-events: none;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.form-group textarea~label {
    top: 18px;
    transform: none;
}

.form-group input:focus~label,
.form-group input:valid~label,
.form-group textarea:focus~label,
.form-group textarea:valid~label,
.form-group select:focus~label,
.form-group select:valid~label {
    top: -10px;
    left: 15px;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    padding: 0 8px;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.form-group select {
    cursor: pointer;
    appearance: none;
}

.contact-form .btn {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 18px;
}

/* ===== Recruiting Banner ===== */
.recruiting-banner {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-primary), var(--accent-secondary));
    padding: 20px 0;
}

.recruiting-content {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 20px;
}

.recruiting-text h3 {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #fff;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.recruiting-text p {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
    margin: 0;
}

.recruiting-btn {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    padding: 8px 22px;
    background: #fff;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    border-radius: 24px;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.recruiting-btn:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .recruiting-content {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
    }
}

/* ===== Footer ===== */
.footer {
    background: var(--bg-secondary);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    padding: 60px 0 30px;
}

.footer-content {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.footer-brand p {
    margin-top: 15px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.footer-brand .logo-icon {
    filter: invert(1);
}

.footer-brand .logo-text,
.footer-brand .logo-sep {
    color: var(--text-primary) !important;
}

.footer-brand .logo-accent {
    color: var(--accent-primary) !important;
}

.footer-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 80px;
}

.footer-col h4 {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    color: var(--text-primary);
}

.footer-col a {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.footer-col a:hover {
    color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.footer-bottom {
    padding-top: 30px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    text-align: center;
}

.footer-bottom p {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

/* ===== Responsive Design ===== */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    :root {
        --container-padding-x: 15px;
    }

    .home-button {
        left: 20px;
        width: 45px;
        height: 45px;
    }

    .home-button svg {
        width: 20px;
        height: 20px;
    }

    .about-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 60px;
    }

    .about-visual {
        order: -1;
    }

    .about-features-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 25px;
        width: 100%;
        margin-left: 0;
    }

    .research-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .team-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .team-card.principal {
        grid-column: span 2;
    }

    .contact-wrapper {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 60px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    :root {
        --section-padding: 50px;
    }

    .nav-menu {
        position: fixed;
        top: 0;
        right: -100%;
        width: 80%;
        max-width: 400px;
        height: 100vh;
        background: var(--bg-secondary);
        flex-direction: column;
        padding: 100px 40px 60px;
        gap: 20px;
        transition: right var(--transition-medium);
        border-left: 1px solid var(--border-color);
        overflow-y: auto;
        -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
        overscroll-behavior: contain;
    }

    .nav-menu.active {
        right: 0;
    }

    .navbar .nav-menu .nav-link,
    .navbar:not(.scrolled) .nav-menu .nav-link {
        color: var(--text-primary) !important;
    }

    .navbar .nav-menu .nav-link:hover,
    .navbar:not(.scrolled) .nav-menu .nav-link:hover {
        color: var(--accent-primary) !important;
    }

    /* Sub-tab links (inside dropdown-menu) must be dark on the white mobile panel.
       Use maximum-specificity selectors and !important to defeat any inherited/global rules. */
    nav.navbar ul.nav-menu li.nav-dropdown ul.dropdown-menu li a,
    nav.navbar:not(.scrolled) ul.nav-menu li.nav-dropdown ul.dropdown-menu li a {
        color: #1a1a25 !important;
        background: transparent;
        font-weight: 500;
    }

    nav.navbar ul.nav-menu li.nav-dropdown ul.dropdown-menu li a:hover,
    nav.navbar:not(.scrolled) ul.nav-menu li.nav-dropdown ul.dropdown-menu li a:hover {
        color: #00D4AA !important;
    }

    /* Hamburger icon turns dark when menu panel is open */
    .nav-toggle.active span,
    .navbar:not(.scrolled) .nav-toggle.active span {
        background: var(--text-primary) !important;
    }

    /* Parent dropdown link: full-width row with chevron */
    .nav-menu .nav-dropdown > .nav-link {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: space-between;
        width: 100%;
        cursor: pointer;
    }

    .nav-menu .nav-dropdown > .nav-link::after {
        content: '▾';
        position: static;
        width: auto;
        height: auto;
        background: none;
        display: inline-block;
        margin-left: 12px;
        font-size: 0.7em;
        color: var(--accent-primary);
        transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    }

    .nav-menu .nav-dropdown.open > .nav-link::after {
        transform: rotate(180deg);
    }

    /* Disable the desktop hover-bridge pseudo-element on mobile (no hover behavior here) */
    .dropdown-menu::before {
        display: none;
    }

    /* Collapse sub-menu by default on mobile; expand when parent .open.
       Defensive resets: defeat the desktop absolute/transform/left:50% positioning. */
    .nav-menu .dropdown-menu {
        position: static !important;
        top: auto !important;
        left: auto !important;
        right: auto !important;
        transform: none !important;
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
        background: transparent;
        box-shadow: none;
        border: none;
        pointer-events: auto;
        max-height: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
        width: 100%;
        min-width: 0;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0 0 0 20px;
        list-style: none;
        transition: max-height 0.3s ease, padding 0.3s ease, margin-top 0.3s ease;
    }

    .nav-menu .nav-dropdown.open .dropdown-menu {
        max-height: 600px;
        padding: 6px 0 6px 20px;
        margin-top: 8px;
        border-left: 2px solid var(--border-color);
    }

    .nav-menu .dropdown-menu li {
        list-style: none;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
    }

    .nav-menu .dropdown-menu li a {
        color: #1a1a25 !important;
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        padding: 6px 10px;
        display: block;
        text-align: left;
        white-space: normal;
    }

    .nav-toggle {
        display: flex;
    }

    .home-button {
        left: 15px;
        width: 40px;
        height: 40px;
        opacity: 0.6;
    }

    .home-button svg {
        width: 18px;
        height: 18px;
    }

    .hero-stats {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 30px;
    }

    .research-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .team-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .team-card.principal {
        grid-column: span 1;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .principal .member-links {
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .pub-item {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 15px;
    }

    .pub-cover {
        width: 80px;
        height: 100px;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }

    .timeline-main {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 20px;
    }

    .timeline-logo {
        width: 100%;
        margin: 0 auto;
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .timeline-logo .org-logo {
        width: 120px;
        height: 72px;
    }

    .timeline-logo .org-logo[src*="jungseok"] {
        width: 140px;
        height: 84px;
        max-height: 84px;
    }

    .timeline-logo .org-logo[src*="navycranecenter"] {
        width: 140px;
        height: 84px;
        max-height: 84px;
    }

    .footer-content {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 40px;
    }

    .footer-links {
        gap: 40px;
    }

    .join-banner {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
        padding: 30px;
    }

    .join-banner .join-text {
        text-align: center;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    :root {
        --container-padding-x: 15px;
    }

    .hero-cta {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .btn {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .pub-filters {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }

    .contact-form-wrapper {
        padding: 30px;
    }
}

/* ===== Animations on Scroll ===== */
.fade-in {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(30px);
    transition: all 0.8s ease;
}

.fade-in.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

/* ===== Selection ===== */
::selection {
    background: var(--accent-primary);
    color: var(--bg-primary);
}

/* ===== Scrollbar ===== */
::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 10px;
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
    background: var(--bg-primary);
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background: var(--bg-tertiary);
    border-radius: 5px;
    border: 2px solid var(--bg-primary);
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
    background: var(--accent-primary);
}

/* ===== Hero Premium Spline Design (Merged & Refined) ===== */
.hero-premium {
    position: relative;
    height: 75vh;
    min-height: 600px;
    width: 100%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #0f172a;
}

.hero-spline-container {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    z-index: 0;
}

.hero-spline-iframe {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    transform: scale(1.05);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-overlay-refined {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95) 20%, rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.4) 60%, transparent 100%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-content-premium {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 10;
    max-width: var(--container-width);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--container-padding-x);
    width: 100%;
    text-align: left;
}

.hero-badge-premium {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    background: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.1);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.2);
    border-radius: 99px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #5eead4;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.hero-title-premium {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(3rem, 7vw, 4.5rem);
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.0;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    color: white;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    text-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

.hero-title-accent {
    color: #5eead4;
}

.hero-subtitle-premium {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    color: #cbd5e1;
    max-width: 900px;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    font-weight: 500;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .hero-subtitle-premium {
        white-space: normal;
        max-width: 600px;
    }
}

.hero-cta-premium {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 4rem;
}

.btn-premium-primary {
    padding: 1rem 2rem;
    background: #14b8a6;
    color: #0f172a;
    font-weight: 700;
    border-radius: 12px;
    transition: all 0.3s;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(20, 184, 166, 0.2);
}

.btn-premium-primary:hover {
    background: #5eead4;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 20px 25px -5px rgba(20, 184, 166, 0.3);
}

.btn-premium-secondary {
    padding: 1rem 2rem;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
    color: white;
    font-weight: 700;
    border-radius: 12px;
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    transition: all 0.3s;
}

.btn-premium-secondary:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.hero-stats-premium {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 2.5rem;
}

.stat-glass {
    padding: 0.75rem 0;
    border-left: 2px solid rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.3);
    padding-left: 1.5rem;
}

.stat-num {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: white;
    display: block;
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.stat-lab {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #94a3b8;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.scroll-down-premium {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 3rem;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.mouse-premium {
    width: 26px;
    height: 42px;
    border: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    border-radius: 14px;
    position: relative;
}

.mouse-premium::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 8px;
    left: 50%;
    width: 4px;
    height: 8px;
    background: #5eead4;
    border-radius: 2px;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    animation: mouseScroll 2s infinite;
}

/* Navbar Transition Logic for Dark Spline Hero */
.navbar:not(.scrolled) .logo-text,
.navbar:not(.scrolled) .nav-link {
    color: white;
}

.navbar:not(.scrolled) .logo-icon {
    filter: none;
}

.navbar:not(.scrolled) .nav-toggle span {
    background: white;
}


@keyframes bounce {

    0%,
    100% {
        transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(0);
    }

    50% {
        transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-10px);
    }
}

/* ===== New About Section (from orlab) ===== */
.about-new {
    padding: 6rem 0;
    background: white;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.about-intro {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 4rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .about-intro {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
        gap: 3rem;
        align-items: center;
    }
}

.about-intro-left {
    max-width: 100%;
}

.about-intro-right {
    max-width: 100%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.about-intro-tag {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    color: #14b8a6;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.about-intro-line {
    width: 2rem;
    height: 2px;
    background: #14b8a6;
}

.about-intro-title {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 3rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #0f172a;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.about-intro-accent {
    color: #14b8a6;
}

.about-intro-text {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.75;
    margin: 0;
}

.about-research-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
    align-items: stretch;
    scroll-margin-top: 7rem;
}

@media (min-width: 1024px) {
    .about-research-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
        gap: 5rem;
    }
}

.research-list-column {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.research-field-item {
    padding: 1.1rem;
    border-radius: 1.5rem;
    transition: all 0.3s;
    cursor: pointer;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    background: #f8fafc;
    color: #64748b;
}

.research-field-item:hover {
    background: white;
    border-color: #5eead4;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.research-field-item.active {
    background: #0f172a;
    color: white;
    border-color: #0f172a;
    box-shadow: 0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.research-field-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.research-field-icon {
    width: 3rem;
    height: 3rem;
    border-radius: 1rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    background: white;
    color: #14b8a6;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    transition: all 0.3s;
}

.research-field-item.active .research-field-icon {
    background: #14b8a6;
    color: white;
    border-color: #14b8a6;
}

.research-field-content {
    flex: 1;
}

.research-field-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.research-field-heading {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    min-width: 0;
}

.research-field-number {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: #94a3b8;
    transition: color 0.3s;
}

.research-field-item.active .research-field-number {
    color: #5eead4;
}

.research-field-title {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #0f172a;
    transition: color 0.3s;
}

.research-field-item.active .research-field-title {
    color: white;
}

.research-field-description {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    color: #64748b;
    transition: color 0.3s;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    line-clamp: 2;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.research-field-item.active .research-field-description {
    color: #cbd5e1;
}

.research-field-tags {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.research-tag {
    font-size: 0.625rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    padding: 0.2rem 0.45rem;
    border-radius: 0.25rem;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    background: white;
    color: #94a3b8;
    transition: all 0.3s;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .research-field-header {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    .research-field-tags {
        justify-content: flex-start;
    }
}

.research-field-item.active .research-tag {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    color: #5eead4;
    border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.research-image-column {
    position: relative;
    height: 100%;
    border-radius: 2.5rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 25px 50px -12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
    display: none;
}

@media (min-width: 1024px) {
    .research-image-column {
        display: block;
        position: sticky;
        top: 7rem;
    }
}

.research-image-wrapper {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

.research-image {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: all 0.7s ease-in-out;
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

.research-image.active {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: scale(1);
}

.research-image-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.8), transparent, transparent);
}

.research-image-content {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    padding: 2.5rem;
    transform: translateY(0);
    transition: all 0.5s;
}

.research-image-title {
    font-size: 1.875rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: white;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.research-image-description {
    color: #cbd5e1;
    line-clamp: 2;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
}